Health Systems by Country

Global

Countries colored by the type of health-care system they use. Drag to rotate the globe; hover a marker for the country and its model.

This map uses the four-model framework popularized by T.R. Reid (Beveridge, Bismarck, National Health Insurance, Out-of-Pocket), with a Mixed category for hybrids. Real-world systems are rarely pure examples of any one model — most blend elements of several. Classifications here are simplified for education and comparison.

Models

Beveridge · 12

Government owns facilities and employs providers; funded by taxes. E.g., UK NHS, Spain, Scandinavia, Cuba.

Bismarck · 12

Nonprofit insurance funded by employer/employee payroll deductions; providers mostly private. E.g., Germany, France, Japan.

National Health Insurance · 5

Government-run single-payer insurance pays private providers. E.g., Canada, Taiwan, South Korea.

Out-of-Pocket · 14

Patients pay directly with little or no organized coverage. E.g., much of sub-Saharan Africa, Afghanistan.

Mixed · 13

Combines private insurance, public programs, and out-of-pocket spending. E.g., Brazil, Ireland, Mexico.

American · 1

Largely private employer-sponsored insurance plus public programs (Medicare, Medicaid, VA), with significant out-of-pocket spending and no universal coverage. Unique to the United States.

Cuba

Beveridge

Denmark

Beveridge

Finland

Beveridge

Greece

Beveridge

Iceland

Beveridge

Italy

Beveridge

New Zealand

Beveridge

Norway

Beveridge

Portugal

Beveridge

Spain

Beveridge

Sweden

Beveridge

United Kingdom

Beveridge

Austria

Bismarck

Belgium

Bismarck

France

Bismarck

Germany

Bismarck

Iran

Bismarck

Japan

Bismarck

Luxembourg

Bismarck

Netherlands

Bismarck

Poland

Bismarck

Switzerland

Bismarck

Turkey

Bismarck

Vietnam

Bismarck

Australia

National Health Insurance

Canada

National Health Insurance

Indonesia

National Health Insurance

South Korea

National Health Insurance

Taiwan

National Health Insurance

Afghanistan

Out-of-Pocket

Bangladesh

Out-of-Pocket

Cambodia

Out-of-Pocket

Central African Republic

Out-of-Pocket

Chad

Out-of-Pocket

Ethiopia

Out-of-Pocket

Ghana

Out-of-Pocket

India

Out-of-Pocket

Kenya

Out-of-Pocket

Lesotho

Out-of-Pocket

Nigeria

Out-of-Pocket

Pakistan

Out-of-Pocket

South Africa

Out-of-Pocket

Sudan

Out-of-Pocket

Argentina

Mixed

Brazil

Mixed

Chile

Mixed

Colombia

Mixed

Egypt

Mixed

Iraq

Mixed

Ireland

Mixed

Mexico

Mixed

Peru

Mixed

Philippines

Mixed

Russia

Mixed

Saudi Arabia

Mixed

Ukraine

Mixed

United States

American

Disclaimer: For educational and informational purposes only. This dashboard aggregates publicly available data from IRS Form 990 filings and third-party sources; figures may be incomplete, estimated, or out of date. Nothing here constitutes legal, financial, tax, or medical advice, or an endorsement or judgment of any organization or individual. Always verify with official filings and qualified professionals before relying on any figure.